Abstract
Habitat loss and overexploitation threaten Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), a forest-dependent species endemic to the Dry Chaco ecoregion. I used interviews to assess the sustainability of peccary harvest, quantified deforestation and road development rates using remote sensing techniques, and assessed factors influencing Chacoan peccary distribution using camera-traps and site occupancy models. Hunters preferred Chacoan peccary but the opportunistic offtake, lack of market hunting, and limited access indicate sustainability of current harvest levels. Deforestation and road development has increased at an exponential rate since 1985 without slowing. Chacoan peccary were attracted to roads, which put them at greater harvest risk compared to the other peccary species. Chacoan peccary seem secure at present, but habitat loss and increasing road access is an emergent threat to be monitored. I provide a baseline assessment and methodology for tracking changes in Chacoan peccary status and threats.